Understanding the Present Perfect Tense in German

As you study the German language, you will come across the present perfect tense (Perfeckt), which is also called the compound past tense. Its used most often in conversation and there are a few rules you need to know in order to form and use it. This lesson will review those rules and is an important part of understanding German verb conjugations. Perfekt: The Present Perfect Tense The present perfect tense is formed by using one of three types of past participles: weak (regular), strong (irregular), and mixed. This past tense form is often referred to as the conversational past since it is most often used in spoken German when speaking about events in the past. In English, we say, We saw him yesterday. This can be expressed in German as, Wir sahen ihn gestern. (simple past,  Imperfekt) or Wir haben ihn gestern gesehen. (present perfect,  Perfekt). The latter form is also referred to as a compound tense because it is formed by combining a helping verb (haben) with the past participle (gesehen). Even though the literal translation of Wir haben ihn gestern gesehen, is We have seen him yesterday, it would normally be expressed in English simply as, We saw him yesterday. Study these example  German verbs  with their  past participle  forms in the  present perfect tense: to have haben hat gehabt to go gehen ist gegangen to buy kaufen hat gekauft to bring bringen hat gebracht You should notice several things about the verbs above: Some have past participles that end in  -t, while others end in  -en.Some use  haben  (to have) as a helping verb, while others use  sein  (to be). Keep this in mind as we  continue  our review of the German present perfect. Weak Verbs Regular (or weak) verbs are predictable and can be pushed around. Their past participles always end in -t  and are basically the third person singular with  ge- in front of it:   to play spielen gespielt to make machen gemacht to say, tell sagen gesagt The so-called -ieren  verbs (fotografieren,  reparieren,  studieren,  probieren, etc.) do not add  ge- to their past participles:  hat fotografiert. Strong Verbs Irregular (or strong) verbs are unpredictable and cannot be pushed around. They tell you what theyre going to do. Their past participles end in -en  and must be memorized:   to go gehen gegangen to speak, talk sprechen gesprochen Although there are various patterns that their past participles follow (and they sometimes resemble similar patterns in English) it is best to simply memorize past participles such as gegessen, gesungen, geschrieben, or gefahren. It should also be noted that there are more rules for verbs with separable and inseparable prefixes, though we wont get into that here.   Mixed Verbs This third category is also rather unpredictable. As with the other irregular verbs, the participles for mixed verbs need to be memorized. As their name implies, these mixed verbs mix elements of the weak and strong verbs to form their past participles. While they end in -t  like weak verbs, they have a stem change like strong verbs: to bring bringen gebracht to know kennen gekannt to know wissen gewut When to Use  Sein  as Helping Verb In English, the present perfect is always formed with the helping verb have,  but in German  some verbs require to be (sein) instead. There is a rule for this condition:   Verbs that are intransitive (take no direct object) and involve a change of condition or location use  sein  as a helping verb, rather than the more common  haben. Among the  few exceptions to this rule  are  sein  itself and  bleiben, both of which take  sein  as their helping verb. This rule applies to only a small number of verbs and it is best to simply memorize those that typically use  sein  as a helping verb. One thing that will help is to remember them is that most of these are intransitive verbs which refer to motion. bleiben  (to stay)fahren  (to  drive, travel)fallen  (to  fall)gehen  (to  go)kommen  (to  come)laufen  (to  run)reisen  (to  travel)sein  (to  be)steigen  (to  climb)sterben  (to  die)wachsen  (to  grow)werden  (to  become) Example Er ist schnell gelaufen. means He ran fast.

Les Murray and His Poems - 834 Words

Poets express their concerns in their work and use language techniques to enhance the poem. This is revealed through the works of Les Murray. Les Murray is a famous Australian poet who was born and raised in the country and is a dedicated Roman Catholic. This is reflected in the poems ‘Driving through Sawmill Towns’ and ‘An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow’. His laconic and personal poetic style reinforces the messages he attempts to convey to his audience through the use of rich symbolism and imagery. The poem ‘Driving through Sawmill Towns’ describes the people and the scenery of a rural town. In the poem, Les Murray writes from the perspective of a person driving a car through a rural town. Throughout the poem Les Murray uses imagery such†¦show more content†¦The sentence â€Å"Men sit after tea by the stove while their wives talk, rolling a dead match between their fingers, thinking of the future.† The ‘dead match’ and the fact that the rural workers are ‘thinking about their future’ is symbolic and suggests the idea that by staying in the countryside, there really is no future for them as rural towns are dying out and many have left for the city. Nevertheless, in the poem ‘An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow, Murray refers to his strong belief for his religion. Murray shows his devotion for his religion through various religious allusions from the bible. This includes the legend of the Wolf of Gubbio, where Saint Francis of Assisi was believed to have tamed a wolf and had the ability to influence other animals. â€Å"Come near him and sit at his feet, with dogs and dusty pigeons†. Another religious allusion is â€Å"I see a woman, shining, stretch her hand and shake as she receives the gift of weeping† is a representation of receiving the Holy Spirit. He compares the beauty of weeping and the pure emotion it contains to a religiousShow MoreRelatedDepiction of Different Types of Journeys through Literature1229 Words   |  5 Pagestexts contain one or a combination of these journeys. Les Murray, an Australian poet, has a very strong concept of journeys throughout his poems. Through the use of such techniques as figurative language and film a composer can express their individual concept of journeys. Les Murray’s poem â€Å"Widower in the Country† is a mixture of a physical and emotional journey which traces a mindless, daily routine of a grieving widower. Les has presented his idea that a physical journey can mask a deep emotionalRead MoreAnalysis of Widower in the Country by Les Murray Essay620 Words   |  3 PagesThursday, 14 June 2012 12:19 PM Les Murrays poem Widower in the Country highlights the painful effect of the death of a loved one. His tone in this poem is one of grief and loneliness, and through strong imagery and emotive language, the composer draws out empathy and interest from the reader. This poem describes how repetitive life becomes after someone very close to you passes away.    The composer conveys a strong feeling of grief and pain in the poem. The composer creates an empathy towardsRead MoreDriving Through Sawmill Towns poem analysis Essay2396 Words   |  10 PagesDriving Through Sawmill Towns by Les Murray In the high cool country, having come from the clouds, down a tilting road Into a distant valley, You drive without haste. Your windscreen parts the forest, Swaying and glancing, andRead MoreLes Murray Critical Advanced Essay1773 Words   |  8 Pagestime. Les Murray’s â€Å"An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow† and â€Å"The Mitchells† are examples of texts that do not need a use by date. These two poems highlight major themes and are considered to be of relevance to today’s time. Les Murray himself has embraced Catholicism and his religious perceptions have had a deep influence on much of his poetry. In his poem â€Å"An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow†, it is evident that Les Murray’s religious insights have been mentioned significantly throughout the poem itselfRead MoreSilence : A Twelfth Century French Romance1276 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the original Le Roman de Silence written in thirteenth century medieval Europe by a man known as Heldris de Cornwall. The actual name of the author remains unknown. 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These poems make reference to Plaths suicide, but none of them addressesRead MoreImpact of the 1789 French Revolution on Literature3917 Words   |  16 Pageswas intimately aware of the impact that the 1789 Revolution had on the themes, styles, and substance of great thinkers and writers subsequent to the Revolution; albeit he moved in a new creative direction, Hugo retained his fascination with ce vague fourmillement quon nomme le passà © (this vague swarming that we call the past) (VanderWolk, 2006). Introduction to the Essay The literature of the world is often crafted around social and political events, and the literature in France followingRead MoreJourney by Patricia Grace3775 Words   |  16 PagesUCLES 2009 [Turn over 2 Section A: Poetry SUJATA BHATT: Point No Point 1 Either (a) ‘I want to return to her moment of birth.’ Discuss ways in which Bhatt presents motherhood in her poetry, referring to two or three poems you have studied. Or (b) Comment closely on the following poem, paying particular attention to ways in which it explores the relationship between art and history. 3 November 1984 I won’t buy The New York Times today. I can’t. I’m sorry. But when I walk into the bookstore I can’tRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesArthur, The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts Harrison, Jane, Rainbow’s End Luhrmann, Baz, Strictly Ballroom - film De Heer, Rolf, Ten Canoes - film Shakespeare, William, As You Like It Skrzynecki, Peter, Immigrant Chronicle Dickinson, Emily, Selected Poems of Emily Dicksinson Herrick, Steven, The Simple Gift Baillie, Alan, The China Coin Russell, Willy, Educating Rita Cleven,Vivienne et al (eds), Contemporary Indigenous Plays Pung, Alice, Unpolished Gem Noyce, Phillip, Rabbit-Proof Fence Daldry, Stephen

International Human Resource Management International Boundaries

Question: Describe about the International Human Resource Management for International Boundaries. Answer: Introduction The given case is related to tech venture, which was established 120 years ago in Tech Venture situated in Germany. It is decided to expand the business opportunities mainly across the international boundary.The main break down was seen in terms of the corporate structure breakdown and the expansion made in terms of the product division. At present, the company has been observed to serve more than 60 different countries with employee strength of 11600 employees. It has been further given that eh executive board created a more user-friendly policy for the globalization of the business. The main issue is seen term of Akiko being upset for the present benefits provided for the purpose of the package that the expat are deciding to transfer to Singapore to her husband. The main issues discussed in seen terms of questioning of the fairness in the employees to get the expat packages other receive the lesser appealing local international hire package. It has been also observed that the main issue will be discussed in term of the identifying whether the cost outweighs the benefits of the company and the employees given the international hire package. It has been also seen in this case the assignment is observed to be very short in nature the value given to employees of the organization relocated outweighs the cost, then in this case it has to be studied whether this need to be included in the expat package of the employees of the organization. In the given case, Akiko Nashimura is an employee in a German firm, who is observed to be on a talent expatriate package based in New Delhi. As per the given case, she wanted to relocate with her husband in Singapore (Salleh and Nankervis 2015). It was also observed she firmly believed that because of her esteemed qualifications she was confident that this decision was permissible. After having a conversation with the HR manager, Akiko observed that the company was involved in changing the different types of the policies related to the different types of the overseas assignments for the employees within the organization. In the latter portions of the study it was found that the pay kept on decreasing and it was becoming less accommodating assistance with the transfer (Zainol et al. 2016). The HR manager further decided to take note of the different types of the policies related to understanding the issues and the full consequences needed for the entitlement of the new contract and se tting up of ample communication which is to be set between the HR and the employees of a particular organization. The major types of the international HRM issues are seen in terms of assignment length. The assignment length can be range for a maximum period for 3 years. It has been also seen that one particular employee cannot have different types of the assignments related to a particular topic. As more and more people are looking for opportunities base in abroad the HR needs to devise an alternative policy for the expatriates based abroad. The various types of the employees who are employed abroad are seen to go through economic crisis and the management team may need to rethink for the various types of different policies needed for the devising of the alternative policies. The HR manager needed to be particularly relevant tot eh application of various types of the different theories, which will able to emphasize on the cost constraint. On employee cannot be assisted with too many assignment is seen to be another limitation of the expatriate assignments. The various types of the challenges may arise in terms of the pre assignment and the companys financial support will exhaust in 2 years of time. The various type of pension funds related to the social security may also differ (Salleh and Nankervis 2015). The implication of the international mobility that may be observed in working diverse cultural environments- within overseas teams, as the responsibility of the manager for performance of the different country are definitely have the impacts on employees and employers needs in international circuit on the local international contract. The imposition of the culturally diverse policies and practices on regional people generally faces the psychological contract that locals have with their multinational employers. The element of the psychological contract is significant for establishing good working relationships; optimize employee productivity and the benchmarking performances because it is all about how associates recognize fairness and how they are treated by their associated organization. The psychological contract comprises two segments: the economic value or deal of transaction, and the social contract. On the perspective of the local international contract, the economic element is an unambiguous and is completely depends on the reword of contributions. The package needs to be included host country immigration laws which are frequently places restrictions on foreign workers. The prior knowledge of taxation and employment laws regarding international mobility on the local international contract needs to be included in the package. However, the interpersonal exchange relationship is not usually discussed clearly in the international contract. In this case, both employer and employee need to be delivered their promises to create a psychological contract of trust, commitment, fairness and performance. Here the global mobility guidance needs to be provided by the employer to their employees before allowing them to work in the international circuit. On the other hands, employers need to ensure regarding any benefits and legislative protections for employees. Case Study The content related to the traditional expatriate package applies to the talents of the existing employees on a job or particular assignments. The content further includes that the program cannot be longer than 3 years and must return home on the expiry of the contract. The contents further include the domain-based salary, allowances, incentives, medical facilities, and the permission of employing in the other parts of the world (Konanahalli and Oyedele 2016). The contents further includes the allowances given for the housing and school, the various types of the package included in terms of the housing and the school bonus. It is also related to giving the allowance given as per the local needs. The traditional expatriate approach is further based on the compensation approaches, which are seen in the accommodation of different type of the needs which are being require in the given case (Kim and Von Glinow 2016). The limitations reacted to the emerging needs are seen in terms of the various type the provision of the vision to the company. The limitations are also seen in terms of the economic crisis and the pressure to reduce the relevant costs. The expatriates not returning to home is also seen to be a major amount of limitation, which is relevant o t given case study. The SWOT analysis of the local international policy is as follows: Strength The company will be providing with the visa and passport The travel cost will be borne by the company Weakness The retention bonus is optional Allowance are provided for housing and school i.e for the first year it is -50% and for the second year it is 0%. The salary is provided in the local scheme and according to the package the salary may be decrease because of the currency fluctuations. In case of contract of expatriate, no pre-assignment visit was paid. One needs to look for staying option, association, schools and many others by themselves. However, no cost will be paid for that. Opportunity The local international policy provides details of miscellaneous expenses of a move such as provisional accommodation along with the meals on arrival, uniforms of school and books according the school goers. The health check up is provided by the company The salary and incentives are provided according to the local scheme that is based on the individual host country. Threats Local international package provides an alternative to the expatriate package. It is provided in terms of the expatriate package only for cases where the permanent relocation has been taken places holding the position of the overseas managers The mobility of the overseas market is referred to as the movement of the employees from one position of an organization to another. The primary drivers seen in terms of international mobility of skilled workers are related to: Imbalances of in form of the demand and supply which leads to higher demand of foreign skills The career and the earning prospects of the employees are defined by the international mobility of the skilled workers The attractiveness of the organization also play a major role in the international mobility of the skilled workers It has been further seen that the need for the international mobility is seen in terms of increased mobility, ensuring the skilled supply to all the workers within an industry, cost effectiveness, transfer of knowledge between the borders and retention of the expatriates. The various types of the needs based on the international mobility are further seen in terms of the easy transition of the employees in new country (Festing et al. 2013). It is also seen in term of offer of the career experiences, which are being gathered. The needs related to the international mobility is also seen in terms of the living comfortably. The company should also give a greater emphasis for the inclusion of greater number o f women in the expatriate programs. The various types of the elements, which can be included in the package to meet the necessary requirements, are listed below as follows: Providing of adequate flexibility in the induction program Greater amount of mobility among the employee Reduction in the cost which are being covered by the company Inclusion of l various type of different types of elements which should be included make employees are able to successfully compete with the necessary roles The elements, which should be provided in package, should also consist of the incentives, which are required by the expatriates to stay in a particular organization. Some of the other features of the package should include a supportive expatriate regime There should be ample amount of opportunities for the extension of the expatriate program and the commencement of the new program in another country The program element should consist of various types of the financial incentives The program should be and aim the different types of the learning aspects to the employees of the organization, which will be able to make sure that the programs offered should be able to cater to family and the spouse of the employees. The distinction between three groups of assignment packages i.e. contract of expatriate, local overseas contract for the local nationals and the regional contract for external international new human resources are as follows: Expatriate contract Local international contract Local contract for external new recruits 1. No pre assignment visit is paid 1. The employee does not need to be the top potential employee 1. The employees are mobile. 2. No medical checkup is provided 2. Medical checkup is provided 2. The salary provided to the employees are higher 3. The purchasing power from the home country is been taken into consideration 3. The employee getting new contract will get a new contract in other country 3. No housing and education facility will be provided 4. The issues of security in the social circuit is there 4. The issues of security in the social circuit are not there 4. The issues of security in the social circuit are always there. John Stacey Adams that states the theory that provides the motivation in the workplace gave the equity theory. It has been observed from the given cases study that variable and subtle factors affect each assessment of individuals while considering their relationship with their job responsibilities and their employers as well. The equity theory model of Adams, therefore, extends beyond the level of individuality and comparison of the other peoples situations needs to be stimulated simultaneously. Motivation comes from the fair treatments within the organization and negative implication can be taken place while getting reciprocal treatments. In other words, this can be cause of feelings of discontent and de-motivational ((Kim et al. 2016). This is the inherent meaning of equity theory. Adams took special efforts and rewards and other related issues at work which are considered to be as inputs and outputs. In this case, inputs are perceived whatever efforts we have been put in or provided for initiating the work. Outputs, on the other hand, are the last results which are getting against all inputs. There are many things that the people working in an organization provides in an organization i.e. the working hours and what people receives from back from the working organization are many things apart from money. The justice in procedural part takes into consideration in the decision development phase for establishing fair processes. People may feel avowed if the procedures that are implemented treat them with dignity and greetings. This may definitely make it easier for accepting the unfavorable outcomes as well. The main focus has given on the consistency. Favorable procedures should provide guarantee in all cases (Festing et al. 2013). Any differences should take into consideration the genuine aspects of the personal identity. In order to make the local international policy available for the new international employees on a global basis the following points should be taken into consideration: The salary and the incentives should be provided in the currency where the project is been undertaken The medical checkup should be provided to the employees that are working in the international projects The organization should take care of the visa and passport of the employees The allowance for the housing and school should be provided to the employees The retention bonus should not be optional The allowances should be provided to the employees according to the local needs of the employees Conclusion The understanding of the adoption of expatriates to new cultural arena appears to be very significant for MNCs. It is important for foreign association as well. Here the effective communication needs to be established for reduce the cross cultural barriers. The knowledgeable and accustomed expatriates will have more demand in the international workplace. Reference List Salleh, N.M. and Nankervis, A., 2015. Non-Traditional Expatriate Assignments in the Asia-Pacific: Characteristics Challenges.Human Resource Management Research,5(1), pp.1-11. Kim, K. and Von Glinow, M.A., 2016. Managing Non-traditional Human Capital in International Assignments: A Qualitative Analysis of the Talent and Innovation Gaps. InHuman Capital and Innovation(pp. 91-129). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Festing, M., Budhwar, P.S., Cascio, W., Dowling, P.J. and Scullion, H., 2013. Current issues in International HRM: Alternative forms of assignments, careers and talent management in a global context.Zeitschrift fr Personalforschung/German Journal of Research in Human Resource Management, pp.161-166. Konanahalli, A. and Oyedele, L.O., 2016. Emotional intelligence and British expatriates cross-cultural adjustment in international construction projects.Construction Management and Economics,34(11), pp.751-768. Zainol, H., Isa, H.M., Alauddin, K. and Derus, M.M., 2016. General Adjustment Influence Factor of Malaysian Construction Expatriates Executives Abroad. InMATEC Web of Conferences(Vol. 66, p. 00012). EDP Sciences.

Puzzles Debut Albums and Puzzle free essay sample

The Puzzle of Life horizontal rule I was given a puzzle a couple of months ago from a friend of mine, It had 1,500 pieces. I havent put together a puzzle since I was a kid. Isnt It funny how we stop doing certain things when we grow up: puzzles, coloring, playing dolls, hop scotch, hide and go seek. Things that brought us so much joy as a child, we stop doing when we reach a certain age its a shame, isnt it? I must admit, I really enjoyed the puzzle.Although very frustrating at times, it was a challenge. Each time I found a piece that it, it was extremely rewarding. Have you ever realized how many similarities there are between puzzles and life? In a puzzle each piece plays such an important part in the big picture. In life, its people and events who play the important parts. We will write a custom essay sample on Puzzles: Debut Albums and Puzzle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As with pieces in a puzzle, each of us are unique, special in our own way. Although we may appear similar, there are no two alike. Ironically its our differences that make us fit.While I was working on this puzzle, there was one piece that I was sure belonged In this particular spot. But It TLD fit. I Just kept going back to It and trying to make It fit, regretting that I tried It already. I guess I had my mind set on the fact that I felt It belonged there. I thought about how many times Vive done that in my life. Tried to make things happen that just werent meant to be. Id try over and over again even to the point of forcing it but it wasnt meant to be And nothing I did changed that.If you do many puzzles, youll know what its like to spend so much time looking for one specific piece. I thought I knew what it looked like, it seemed so obvious. .. But I couldnt find it. I got so wrapped up into finding that one piece that I couldnt see beyond it. I got frustrated and decided to let it go and step away from it for a while. When I came back to it later, I found it immediately. It was right in front of me all along. Life has been Like that for me sometimes. I try so hard to understand why things happen the way they do.I search high and low for the answers and sometimes the answers are right In front of me. It Isnt until I stop, take a step back, breathe and let It go that the answers find me. As I sat there looking at the pieces In this puzzle, I started thinking about the pieces in my life: my family, my friends, events, milestones and celebrations. Theres such a mixture of good and bad, joy and tears, happiness and sorrow. I thought about all those pieces that I didnt feel were important or had purpose. I reflected on all those pieces in my life that caused me to ask why Why me, God? Why this? . I suddenly realized that it was because of those pieces that other pieces were able to fall into place. Everything in our lives happens for a reason. Each event, whether good or bad, signifies a piece of the puzzle. You take away one piece and it upsets the entire harmony of the finished product. I finally understand that even though some of the pieces in my life arent least and many of them bring me pain and heartache, without them I couldnt move on.No matter how unimportant I think they are, they bring me one step closer to wholeness. We cant possibly look at the pieces of our lives right now and understand the important role that each one of them plays, there are too many holes end, and that final piece is put into place, Im going to look back and understand. Ill no longer wonder why there was so much pain, or why certain people came and went in my life. And Ill be able to see the complete picture and the beauty that went into ACH piece that made it whole.Until then, I will continue to live on in faith. Knowing and trusting that all the pieces that I need are there and that it only takes a matter of time before they fall into place. Remembering that there is a big picture, a plan for me, that Im unable to see right now. Believing that each piece of my life, even the painful ones, have purpose and play an important role. And when Im weak, I will seek strength through prayer. I do all this in hopes that on that glorious day, when Gods masterpiece of me is finally complete, He will then whisper Well done.