QUALITY OF LIFE, YEARS OF EDUCATION AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE Thesis

QUALITY OF LIFE, YEARS OF EDUCATION AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE - Thesis Example der that the death rate in this country is also quite low; at 6.4 per 1000 population and the average longevity of people are around 77 years, 74 years for males and 80 years for females as per Year 2009 database. Thus, it could reasonably be estimated that elderly people could live for quite a long time and would thus need to be cared for during their period of senility. Coming to the level of education, it is seen that literacy rate in this country is quite good, at 97.6% for general population, with a large English speaking population. Besides, Cyprus happens to be one of the most prosperous countries in the Mediterranean region with â€Å"Annual GDP real growth rate (2008): government-controlled area: 3.8%† (Background note: Cyprus, 2009, para.3). Thus, the aspects of high level of education and positive socio-economic growth needs to be aligned with its impact on its elderly

Philosophy of life Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of life Essay There is only one way to live and achieve a meaningful life, and can be acquired by looking inside yourself and determining what is the best things you can do in your life. There are endless suggestions on how to live a meaningful life; however, these are not necessary guides or the only way because each person is different. This means that there is no one way that is correct or no one way that is false because each person is unique in their own way and have varying perspectives of life. According to Jobs, life is about living to connect the dots. He says that you can only connect the dots by looking back at decisions and things that have happened and that you cannot connect the dots for the future. He also says that you tell yourself that to live to connect the dots and that what you’re doing is setting up a dot to be connected that is when you can go with heart. He went to college and dropped out after six months and started going to classes that he was interested in instead of going to classes that were demanded and he did not enjoy. One of the classes he went to was a calligraphy class. He says that if he had not dropped out and went to this class that he would not have been so successful with the Mac. Jobs stressed the idea that without the inspirations attained in calligraphy class that were used in the design of Macintosh all personal computers would be non-existent because Windows copied Macintosh. Jobs may have started Apple in his garage with his friend but within ten years it became a $2 billion company. Shortly after the ten years, contradicting visions led to the divergence of the company and the firing of Steve Jobs. In the fall of his old job Jobs created two new companies, NeXT and Pixar, which both became very well-known and successful companies. Pixar, now the most successful animation studio in the world, went on to create the first computer animated movie â€Å"Toy Story. † NeXT was bought by Apple leading to the return of Jobs and the technology he developed at NeXT is now the heart of Apple’s renaissance. He rounds out this speech with the idea everyone should strive for what makes them happy, doing the things they enjoy. He also rejoices in the fact that enjoying the things he loves now motivated his comeback and redeemed himself in the public eye. Wallace’s speech was focused on finding a personal, deeper meaning. He gives a variety of examples of frustrating moments, while providing insight on how we react. For example: he talks about a woman in line yelling at her kids. To most people they think that’s how she treats her kids all the time leading to some misinterpretation. Instead of thinking that way, he provides alternate cases she might be dealing with, such as, suffering from extreme stress due to her husbands’ bone cancer or maybe she extended an act of kindness at her work for an individual dealing with tough circumstances. He talks about the roughness of everyday adult life, explaining the need to not jump to conclusions and extending grace, making the situation a much happier one. Wallace is not trying to give moral advice or strict guidelines to follow because this can become difficult, he only wants to give noteworthy insight to a stressful situation. He then goes on to talk about worship. Wallace explains how, in his opinion, atheism does not exist due to the fact everyone worships something, demolishing the basis behind atheism. The only choice individuals get to decide is the things they worship. If one chooses to worship money then they will never have enough of it; if one chooses to worship their body then they will always think that they are ugly and will never be happy. He says that the insidious thing about these forms of worship is not that they are sinful, but rather they are unconscious default settings. This type of worship allows beings to slip into a more lax way of thinking causing them to be more selective without ever being fully aware of what they are doing. Jobs’ approach to a skilled life is finding something one is passionate about doing and doing it no matter the route one takes. He dropped out of college after six months and just dropped-in on classes that sounded interesting to him. He found something that he really enjoyed in calligraphy class leading him to design the Macintosh and which ultimately led to the creation of personal computers. He loves the adaptability of technology and discovering the next best thing. Also, he stresses that connecting the dots is big because it leads you to your hearts desires. So according to Jobs, finding something that you love doing and living to connect the dots is the key to a prosperous, fulfilling life. According to Wallace, the approach to a more prosperous life is to think things through in a deeper more educated meaning. He talks about moments in our lives where we may get frustrated and what we can do to prevent from getting so mad. So overall, they are trying to convey the same message which is: obtaining a skillful and prosperous life. To me, I feel as though what makes life meaningful is living it to the fullest and learning from mistakes. I do not necessarily agree or disagree with either Jobs or Wallace ideals because they are not the main things to achieve a prosperous life but they are good things to incorporate in life. Life is so much more than finding something that you enjoy doing because I enjoy playing Xbox but that is not going to get me anywhere in life. Also, it is more than just thinking deeply about situations when I am going to get frustrated. I say you should always take opportunities presented in your life, not allowing them to pass you by. Take opportunities the first time and don’t be impassive assuming there will be another. With these opportunities there is always the decision to side between right and wrong. Now, I hope that everyone has a strong enough will to be able to pick the good opportunities rather than the bad ones. If you have a chance to make a difference in someone’s life or can change the outcome of a situation then why be passive and not pursue it? Life is all about choices and decision making. These things also come with responsibility and the decisions you make will lead to positive or negative consequences. Everyone makes bad choices in their life because no one is perfect and we are fallen people. With this falleness comes sin and with sin comes destruction, but we are given the opportunity to learn from our mistakes and continue to grow through them. All of these life situations leads us to be a better person to ourselves, others, and God. In order to live a thriving life, one must make conscious decisions, learn from their mistakes, and thank the Lord for opportunities and learning experiences. There is no guide on how to live a meaningful life. It is all up to the individual and whatever they see fit for themselves and their life. Though I have this view, it does not mean that it is the only way to live a meaningful life, the same goes for Jobs’ and Wallace’s opinions. Each person has some ideals that everyone can draw from to make their life better and happier, but it is not necessarily the only way to achieve a meaningful life. The true way to achieve a meaningful life is to look deep inside oneself and decide how to accomplish one’s own meaning prosperous life.

Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay examples -- Shakespeare Hamlet E

Revenge in Shakespeare's Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses revenge as a major theme present throughout the work. Revenge plays a crucial role in the development of Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. All three men seek revenge for the murder of their fathers. Revenge can be interpreted as a separate character in Hamlet. Revenge is set to overcome anyone who seeks it. Initially, after each of the murders, every son had a definite course of action to obtain vengeance. Or in Hamlet's case the choice was to seek no vengeance. As the play unfolds, each young man approaches the desire for revenge and chooses a different path towards gaining it based on the guidance of another character in the play. Fortinbras' good decisions and self-control, as well as, Hamlet and Laertes' bad decisions can be attributed to the outside guidance they receive. Fortinbras, son of the slain King of Norway, is the first to seek revenge. Although King Hamlet, the now deceased King of Denmark, held sole responsibility for the death of King Fortinbras, young Prince Fortinbras seeks vengeance toward the entire country of Denmark. Horatio, a friend of Hamlet?s, said, ?As it doth well appear unto our state, but to recover of us by strong hand and terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands so by his father lost (I.i.101-104). By this, Horatio is saying Fortinbras plans to forcefully regain the land King Hamlet took from King Fortinbras. Fortunately, King Claudius, the new King of Denmark, intervenes and sends two courtiers, Cornelius and Voltemand, to Norway in hopes of convincing the new King of Norway, Fortinbras? uncle, to prevent the attack. Upon hearing the message, Fortinbras? uncle vetoes Fortinbras? plan to wage war on Denmark. However, he encourages Fortinbras ?to employ his anger, against the Polack? in order to vent his rage (II.ii.74-75). After taking the advice of his uncle, Fortinbras additionally ?makes vow before his uncle never more to have th? assay of arms against your majesty,? (II.ii.70-71). This intervention could be what saves Fortinbras? life. With the counseling of his uncle, Fortinbras is able to put aside his longing to settle the score for his father?s murder. In the end, he is greatly rewarded. Because of his persistent doubt of whether Claudius did, in fact, kill his father Hamlet defers making pla... ...events leading to the success of Fortinbras and the failure of Hamlet and Laertes was initiated by a command from someone close to them. King Claudius had an ulterior motive of saving his land, yet by telling Fortinbras? uncle of Fortinbras? plan to attack Denmark his uncle was able to deter his nephew?s anger. By choosing not to attack Denmark Fortinbras was able to avoid harm?s way. The ghost of Hamlet?s father caused Hamlet?s death by advising Hamlet to seek revenge. Before his encounter with his father Hamlet did not want any part in the act of revenge. In attempt to pursue his father?s wishes Hamlet kills Polonius, which causes his death. When Laertes listens to King Claudius he brings death upon both of them. Laertes did not think his sword would be used against him. In the end, the men?s fate was determined not only by their own feelings, but by the actions taken under the command of another person. For Hamlet and Laertes successful revenge led them to death. The guidance he received, as well as, inner strength surmounted Fortinbras? need for revenge and led him to happiness. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1992.

Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Presentation Essay

General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods.  · This report should cover the material from the previous weeks, providing a comprehensive look at the key safeguards needed for the project at each stage of the systems development processes.  · The report should have clear recommendations to ensure that the final frequent shopper program system is properly secured against likely threats. Include the requirements for future audit provisions the internal staff may use to validate the security measures in the system. Prepare a presentation to executive management at Kudler Fine Foods of the need to make the changes recommended in the paper.  · The presentation should be 8 – 10 slides in length.  · The presentation must include appropriate graphics, and may be in a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®presentation format.  · Online students will submit a presentation that must include detailed speaker notes.   It is important that you map out your first day at school before your actual first day. Plan out the best strategy for navigating the campus, learning the amount of time it will take to get from class to class. In addition, find the other places that you plan to visit frequently, and note their  location on your map. This document of CMGT 400 Week 5 Presentation includes: Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Presentation General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods. For downloading more tutorials visit – https://bitly.com/1rubupQ It is important that you map out your first day at school before your actual first day. Plan out the best strategy for navigating the campus, learning the amount of time it will take to get from class to class. In addition, find the other places that you plan to visit frequently, and note their location on your map. General Questions – General Academic Questions CMGT/400 Week 5 Learning Team Kudler Fine Foods IT Security Report and Presentation Develop a 3,000- to 3,500-word report for the CIO of Kudler Fine Foods.  · This report should cover the material from the previous weeks, providing a comprehensive look at the key safeguards needed for the project at each stage of the systems development processes.  · The report should have clear recommendations to ensure that the final frequent shopper program system is properly secured against likely threats. Include the requirements for future audit provisions the internal staff may  use to validate the security measures in the system. Prepare a presentation to executive management at Kudler Fine Foods of the need to make the changes recommended in the paper.  · The presentation should be 8 – 10 slides in length.  · The presentation must include appropriate graphics, and may be in a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ®presentation format.  · Online students will submit a presentation that must include detailed speaker notes. †¦

Mic 206 Guidelines for Unknown Investigation Lab Report

MIC 206 Guidelines for Unknown Investigation Lab Report General Considerations: A. Papers must be typed, written in past tense, and in third person. (-50 if not typed) B. Paper Structure: Each section is to be headed with the appropriate heading. C. Format and Style 1. Format: a. Face Page: The face page should contain the title of the experiment, the author of the report, class section time, & date submitted. (1. 5 points) b. Page Format: (1. 5 points) 1. One-inch margins 2. Last name & page number as the header 3. Double spaced 4. Section headings . Other considerations: 1. Tables, charts, and figures should be clearly labeled with captions. Ex. Figure 1/Table 1. (2 points) 2. ALL genus and species names must be italicized and the genus name must be capitalized. The first time that a genus name is used, write it out in full (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). After that, one letter abbreviations may be used (P. aeruginosa). (3 points) D. Plagiarism: Remember that you may quote another person ’s work, or even paraphrase it as long as you give credit and cite the work you are quoting, paraphrasing, or referring. -50 if plagiarism occurs) 3. Parts of a Scientific Paper: A. Abstract: This appears first in the paper, but it is the last section written. In the Abstract: (1) state the major objective(s) and scope of the experiment, (2) briefly describe the methodology used, (3) summarize the results, and (4) state the major conclusions. (3 points) B. Introduction: In this section, you should provide general background information on the subject to aid the reader. This can be followed by a very brief description (1-2 sentences) of the problem that was investigated.Every report must include a clearly stated hypothesis. A hypothesis is a statement of what may or may not occur under defined conditions. Your hypothesis must be clearly (readily identifiable) presented in this section of your report. Remember that a hypothesis does not have to be correct, just testable. (5 poi nts) C. Materials and Methods: For this section, you should merely cite your laboratory manual sections and/or pages used. Any changes made to the procedure should also be noted in this section.Finally, any changes made to the directions outlined in this manual must be stated in the materials and methods section. For instance, if the directions stated that you should incubate your sample at 37(C for 1 hour, and you incubated your sample at 25(C for 30 minutes, you must note the deviation. If you use any procedures NOT in the lab manual, describe them fully and cite them. Do not do anything more than listed above for this section. (2 points) D. Results: You must describe what you did to obtain the data that you are presenting in this section (If in doubt – refer to a journal article).You should describe the data in such a manner that if the reader chose not to look at the figures, tables or graphs, they could still understand your data. The data must be summarized in figures, tables or graphs, which must be clearly labeled and referred to specifically by name when they are being discussed. You must present both your raw data and calculated results. For the calculated results, a sample calculation must be provided so that we can determine how you obtained the calculated values. When graphs are used, be sure that both axes are labeled correctly.Remember that the dependent variable is ALWAYS presented on the vertical axis. As a rule, the intersection of the X- and Y-axes should be the zero point. The spacing between time points should be proportional to the elapsed time. DO NOT USE BAR GRAPHS, they are not appropriate in this course. In the case of differential tests, you must describe in general terms what constitutes a positive and negative result. That way we can determine whether you are interpreting your results correctly. All data MUST be reported.Deleting data to suite your hypothesis is the same as inventing data in order to suite your hypothesis. I f there are data that appear to be erroneous, you may choose not to use those data or datum, but you must still include it in the results and justify your decision not to use it. Finally, if an experiment fails and you have no data, you may obtain results from a classmate or your instructor. You cannot receive full credit for a report that has no data analysis. If you use outside data, you must state the source of the results. (7 points) E.Discussion: This is the only section in which the use of the first person is acceptable. Remember, in your Discussion, you do not reiterate your results, rather you interpret them and discuss their meaning. Present a discussion of your results as it relates to your hypothesis. Bring attention to data that support your hypothesis. You must also bring attention to data that contradict your hypothesis and provide possible explanations for why the data do not correlate with your hypothesis. It is typically easier to write a discussion when your data d o not support your hypothesis.However, that does not mean you should create a hypothesis that will purposely not be correct. You should also compare and contrast your results with other work in the field; do your results and interpretations agree or disagree with other members of your class? outline considerations for the Discussion Section: 1. State you conclusions clearly and boldly 2. Summarize the supporting data (results) for each conclusion you draw. 3. Include the following in the discussion: a. Normal Microbiota of your bacteria b. Bergey’s Group Classification/ Identification c.Does your bacteria have a Role in Disease d. Does your bacteria have a Role in Biotechnology e. One unique fact, not previously reported above, that you found interesting f. What communal relationship does your bacteria have with our environment or our bodies. 4. End your paper with a short summary or conclusion regarding the significance of the experiment. (15 Points Discussion section) F. Bi bliography: In writing your Introduction, Mat & Meth, and Discussion, you will need to support your assertions and contentions with citations from the literature.You may cite such sources as journal articles, textbooks, the lab manual, an encyclopedia, a dictionary, or any other useful sources. Be very wary of using websites – anyone can write anything and put it on a website. There is no minimum or maximum number of references required for any given report. Citations and References shall be in American Society of Microbiology (ASM) style. (-25 points if you do not properly use ASM style) Obtained isolated colonies on MAC plate, from original unknown sample (1 point) Obtained isolated colonies on CAN/PEA plate, from original unknown sample (1 point) Note: isolated colonies must have been obtained from quadrant streaking original unknown mixed culture tube. If a second culture or a control culture was given to you, after failing to get isolated colonies from your original mixe d culture and you observed isolated colonies at that point, the 1 point is not earned. ) Identified Gram Negative bacteria: (2. 5 points) Identified Gram Positive bacteria: (2. 5 points) Report is written free of grammatical or mechanical errors as determined by the TA. (3 points) Source: Stout, V. MIC 302 Report Writing Guidelines. Arizona State University

Coping mechanisms Essay Example

Coping mechanisms Essay Example Coping mechanisms Essay Coping mechanisms Essay The complexness of human activities causes a batch of effects to the lives of every person. Whatever the consequence of these activities. favourable or non. adult male is affected peculiarly in the facet on how every activity is to be carried out utilizing his physical strength therefore doing him stressed finally. It is normal for people to see emphasis but when it comes. every individual should be ready to manage it in order for its consequence to go favourable on his portion. Though by and large. its effects are negative. In the position of many people. on the other manus. it can profit others in some ways. No 1 can populate without sing some grade of emphasis at all times ( Selye1987 ) . Stress nowadays plays a great portion non merely on pupils but besides in each person’s day-to-day life. it occurs when there is an instability between the demands of life and our ability to get by with them. Most people know something about emphasis. One may believe that merely serious disease or intensive physical or mental hurt can do emphasis. this is false ( Selye1978 ) . Job force per unit areas. school plants. household statements. fiscal force per unit areas and non holding adequate clip are merely few of the stressors that people at the present twenty-four hours society faces daily. In fact. it has been accepted in the society that mundane emphasis is portion of modern life ( Murray and Pizzorno. 1998 ) . Everyone thinks that taking up Bachelor Science of Nursing as a class needs a batch of forbearance and difficult work. Students must take it earnestly because clip. attempt and money are truly at interest. If you are non decisive plenty or hasty. it would be better to halt and don’t pursue it at all. Everyone has a dream. if you don’t have something to keep on to make your end. you should believe non merely one time or twice. What differs of taking BS Nursing as a class from the other classs is that it demands a batch of forbearance and attempt. Enlisted below. are the top troubles that a pupil may meet while prosecuting this enterprise. Fiscal quandaries. We are non merely speaking about tuition fee that ranges 20 to forty five thousand pesos. but besides the allowance needed for a pupil to last a twenty-four hours that includes transit. repasts. photocopy for manus outs. books and other supplies and gear. Time. Clashing of agendas can’t be avoided. When it comes to executing Related Learning Experience outside the Manila Central University. some professors are carry oning scrutinies or quizzes on the agenda given to different groups because non all pupils could do it. so there should be a clear understanding from the professor and pupils when it comes to schedule. Punctuality. It is non truly a trouble but a major concern. If a pupil could merely wake up early to avoid traffic or any undependable alibis. possibly the per centum for make-up responsibilities of pupils will be low or eradicated. Rating system. The scaling system of Bachelor Science of Nursing is enormously different from the other classs. Its passing rate is expected to be 70 five per centum unlike the others which is 50 per centum. The force per unit area rises here but the advantage of it is that pupils are forced to stand out and strive harder in order to run into its standards to go through which prepares them in local board scrutiny. Teaching styles competences. Everyone can learn but non all can be good at this. A professor which is truly an expert in his field sometimes have a higher outlook from the pupils. He tends to talk fast when discoursing without recognizing that pupils couldn’t understand what he was stating so most of the pupil merely rely on notes. memorising but non understanding or set it on their Black Marias that’s why most of the pupils fail when it comes to analytical type of scrutiny particularly when it comes to multiple pick because of confusion. Students have different personalities and uniqueness to execute schemes in order to get by with these troubles that they could meet that’s why in malice of the quandaries stated above. immense figure of alumnuss is still expected. Some may give up and neglect. some fails but still take to stand up. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This research survey was undertaken to find the troubles encountered in nursing class and the emphasis get bying mechanisms of selected BSN 4 pupils of Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines Specifically. this survey sought to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. ) What are the sensed degrees of emphasis among selected BSN 4 pupils of Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines in footings of: a. ) Studies b. ) Family c. ) Friends d. ) Relationship 2. ) Which of these stressors has greatly contributed to the emphasis felt by the pupils therefore impacting the public presentation of the nursing pupils? 3. ) What are the get bying mechanisms the respondents used to pull off their emphasis and better their public presentation? SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This survey will function as a guiding tool for pupil nurses whenever they encounter troubles or jobs which bring them emphasis. It will edify them about emphasis header schemes which they can utilize. The research workers believe that through this undertaking survey and being pupil nurses themselves. it will be a great aid if we could depict and recite exhaustively the troubles encountered in the nursing class and the emphasis get bying mechanisms in a specific form so that our chap selected BSN 4 pupils of Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines will hold extra cognition on the most common ways of get bying in different state of affairss encountered in our day-to-day lives as pupil nurses. We are cognizant that every pupil has their ain manner of get bying in every hard state of affairs. We merely want to dig in’ more profoundly. As we all know. being a nurse is a really difficult occupation. It is really nerve-racking. And cognizing that non all people have the same personalities and properties. every individual has their ain manner of loosen uping or wind offing. We would wish to analyze farther the ways of our fellow pupils on their emphasis get bying mechanisms. And to sum it up. the research workers would recite different situations/difficulties a nurse or a pupil nurse may meet in the schoolroom and in hospital responsibility. Scope and Delimitations This survey will discourse the different troubles or jobs encountered and the ways of header of pupil nurses. The research workers believe that being a registered nurse and being a pupil nurse has its differences. The research workers would wish to concentrate more on pupils. cognizing that pupil nurses non merely have hospital responsibilities but lecture yearss every bit good. The troubles of registered nurses are more serious in the sense that they have bigger duties than pupil nurses. This survey was conducted last September to October 2013. The sample population is limited to BSN 4 pupils of the College of Nursing. The range will be about The most normally used get bying mechanisms. HYPOTHESIS This survey will take to research the lived experiences of a nursing senior pupil about the troubles that they encountered in the nursing class and the emphasis get bying mechanisms that they do. The research inquiries that will be addressed in this survey guided the development of the undermentioned hypothesis: Conceptual/Theoretical Framework Sister Callista Roy developed the Adaptation Model of Nursing in 1976. This theoretical account comprises the four sphere constructs of individual. wellness. environment. and nursing and involves a six measure nursing procedure. Andrews A ; Roy ( 1991 ) provinces that the individual can be a representation of an person or a group of persons. Roy’s theoretical accounts see the individual as a bio-psychosocial being in changeless interaction with a altering environment ( Rambo. 1984 ) . The individual is an unfastened. adaptative system who uses get bying accomplishments to cover with stressors. Roy sees the environment as all conditions. fortunes and influences that surround and affect the development and behaviour of the person ( Andrews A ; Roy. 1991 ) . Roy describes stressors as stimulations and uses the term residual stimuli’ to depict those stressors whose influence on the individual is non clear ( Andrews A ; Roy ) . Originally. Roy wrote that wellness and unwellness are on a continuum with many different provinces or grades possible ( Rambo. 1984 ) . More late. she states that wellness is the procedure of being and going an integrated and whole individual ( Andrews A ; Roy ) . Roy’s end of nursing is the publicity of version in each of the four manners. thereby lending to the person’s wellness. quality of life and deceasing with dignity ( Andrews A ; Roy ) . These four manners are physiological. self-concept. function map and mutuality. Roy employs a six-step nursing procedure which includes: appraisal of behaviour. appraisal of stimulation. nursing diagnosing. end puting. intercession and rating. In the first measure. the person’s behaviour in each of the four manners is observed. This behaviour is so compared with norms and is deemed either adaptative or uneffective. The 2nd measure is concerned with factors that influence behavior. Stimuli are classified as focal. contextual or residuary ( Rambo. 1984 ) . The nursing diagnosing is the statement of the uneffective behaviours along with the designation of the likely cause. In the 4th measure. end scene is the focal point. Goals need to be realistic and come-at-able and are set in coaction with the individual ( Andrews A ; Roy. 1991 ) . Intervention occurs as the 5th measure. and this is when the stimulations are manipulated. It is besides called the doing phase’ ( Rambo ) . In the concluding phase. rating takes topographic point. The grade of alteration as evidenced by alteration in behaviour. is determined. Ineffective behaviours would be reassessed. and the intercessions would be revised ( Andrews A ; Roy ) . Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Adaptation_model_of_nursing Operational Definition of Footings The following are footings defined by the research workers to guarantee clearer apprehension and grasp of the survey: Adaptation- The procedure or province of altering to suit new fortunes or conditions. or the resulting alteration ( Encarta Encyclopedia ) Affectivity- This means doing a consequence. particularly the coveted or intended consequence. ( Encarta Encyclopedia ) Competency- The ability to make something good or to a needed criterion ( Encarta Encyclopedia ) Coping mechanisms- It is a behavioural tool which may be used by persons to countervail or get the better of hardship. disadvantage. or disablement without rectifying or extinguishing the implicit in status. Coping accomplishments are besides sometimes called work-arounds. Virtually all life existences routinely utilize get bying accomplishments in day-to-day life. These are possibly most noticeable in response to physical disablements. ( Encarta Encyclopedia ) Stress- It is a strain felt by person: mental. emotional. or physical strain caused. for illustration by anxiousness or overwork. It may do such symptoms as raised blood force per unit area or depression. ( Encarta Encyclopedia ) Stressors- These are something that causes emphasis: an activity. experience. or other state of affairs that causes emphasis. for illustration deficiency of H2O to a works or overwork to a individual ( Encarta Encyclopedia ) . CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature and Studies Local Literature The followers is a sum-up of the troubles encountered and stress get bying mechanisms of nursing pupils locally: A nursing student’s life will ever be arduous and compelling. Intellectual. physical. and sometimes emotional demands can be encountered in the Nursing subject. Most Registered Nurses at present had experienced the same quandaries and challenges. in changing grades. before going the great nurses they are today. The premier manner on how to cover with the BSN life is to hold this realisation: It’s neer easy to go a nurse. One must pour on a great trade of difficult work. Tina ( hypertext transfer protocol: //nurses. definitelyfilipino. com/index. php/2010/12/a-bsn-students-guide-to-nursing/ ) is a good organized web log for Filipino Nurses. [ 1 ] In the article stated above. it says that being a nurse is non an easy occupation. It requires passion. attempt. and forbearance. It’s normal for nurses to hold a really nerve-racking modus operandi. But because of single differences of people. we all have our ain ways of covering with emphasis. some of us want to eat or possibly run into friends after school or work. slumber. It’s a decidedly a fact. We have our ain individualism. Even at the early beginning of life. emphasis is being encountered. It appears to be a cosmopolitan status which everyone immature or old. married or single. Filipino or alien. hapless or rich. learned or non learned - experiences or develops. In other words. it affects all sorts of people from different walks of life. There are many events in life that can do emphasis. It could be generic. physical. chemical. psychological. cultural. ecological or occupational in nature. Simbulan ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jpsimbulan. com/2008/11/19/stress-and-the-working-nurse/ ) is a site for researches in local nursing and other Fieldss. [ 2 ] Nurses are non far exempted from confronting many nerve-racking things. It has been recognized that the universe he lives is a powerful beginning of emphasis. Nursing is a profession that demands high degree of duty because it promotes individualized. sensitive. relevant and effectual nursing attention to patients. Therefore. degrees of emphasis are associated with the occupations that are excessively varied and demanding. Nurses are really much capable of developing a great trade of emphasis doing either physical or psychological responses in footings of carry throughing the occupations in the infirmary scenes. every bit good as in run intoing their duties in their several place because of these feverish activities they have less chances for societal interaction. Therefore. there is a great for demand for surveies in order to find the beginnings of nerve-racking factors that the behaviour of nurses. When a certain person for illustration. experiences a nerve-racking state of affairs. that individual may seek to get by up by doing an attempt to alter the state of affairs into a good one and avoids unbearable state of affairss. Almost all literature claims that work factor produces emphasis in different degrees and that the people vary in their ability to get by with them. In recent old ages. research worker had begun to look into dearly-won effects of occupational emphasis burnout. Burnout is a province of physical and emotional exhaustion that occurs bit by bit over a period of clip. First described in 1974 by Freudenburger. the burned-out are normally professionals who work in people-intensive occupations that are emotionally demanding which is chiefly nurses and societal workers are likely to be affected. Physical symptoms typically include chronic weariness and frequent minor unwellness. such as colds. that resolve easy. Burned out people spend an surfeit of clip at work but are disorganized. easy enraged and accomplish little. The most distinguishing feature of burnout is the manner burned out distance themselves from clients in which distancing is accomplished through depersonalisation mode. The burned-out are professionally committed. extremely idealistic persons who over identify in their personal life. Believing their work will do a important societal difference and be financially every bit good as emotionally honoring. And these persons are unprepared for the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours worlds of their occupations that consequences from enduring stress-related unwellnesss. As it is normally used. emphasis is referred as a burden or load under which a individual survives or clefts. It was besides been defined as any internal or external influence that interferes with satisfaction of basic demands or slightly a thing. which disturb homeostasis. This may be a perturbation in the organic structure homeostasis. general or terrible plenty to bring forth a co-ordinated organic structure response. These responses include nephritic. respiratory. metabolic. sympathetic and circulative reactions. A well-known psychologist. Hans Selye. besides a universe renowned authorization defined emphasis as the non-specific response of the organic structure to any demand made upon it. He coined stressor as a factor or agent that produces emphasis. He farther stated that the body’s response to emphasis is non-specific because it occurs without respect to and really much independently of. the specific stressor ; thereby non-specific response to stressor is the kernel of emphasis. Human existences are viewed as an unfastened system which is invariably responding to his internal and external environment. There will ever be happening of influential factors that could do great response of menaces to the stability and stableness of the individual. During early 1980’s. psychologists had come up of naming emphasis and had developed certain graduated tables to be stressed and can fix for this happening. The individual must be able to accommodate himself and get the hang his get bying behaviours satisfactory. in a mode to keep homeostasis. Walter Cannon pointed out that the intent of homeostasis is freedom in which it allows the individual to make his potencies as human. Homeostasis is besides associated with the person’s province of wellness. it is believe that when individual is healthy. he is said to be in province of equilibrium. Health harmonizing to Wolff. is the absence of unwellness had become entrenched in many peoples’ heads and that the facets of human holistic position is a really critical consideration non merely the physical facets as an result. In other words. stress trades with how the organic structure could set to the demands of life. These demands could either be menace. challenge or alteration that requires the organic structure to react. either. on the positive or negative side. Therefore when the organic structure is able to accommodate to a certain demand and serves as a incentive. it is said to be reacting positively. Whereas. when the organic structure fails to accommodate. in which there is much attempt is released by a emphasis response. it is turned inward reacting negatively and disrupted homeostasis occurs. In add-on. effectual header is necessary in pull offing emphasis such that it is an built-in portion of the emphasis experience. And in order to make these successfully. an single must cover with the state of affairs or job. trade with the feelings. usage available support and cut down the psychological rousing of emphasis by appropriate activities such as relaxation. exercising and others. Simbulan ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jpsimbulan. com/2008/11/19/stress-and-the-working-nurse/ ) is a site for researches in local nursing and other Fieldss. [ 3 ] Another survey done specifically with nursing forces showed similar findings plus other negative conditions in the occupation and infirmary scene. Harmonizing to these research workers. emphasis exists as a major issue in nursing. Factors which their topics identified as enforcing job-related force per unit areas were: staff deficits. increased demands by direction. the demand for greater cognition and accomplishments ( compared with demands when foremost employed ) . patients who were more critically ill. and an unwieldy work burden ( in footings of keeping quality of work ) . Nurses and pupil suffered from unrealistic self-expectations. a high-intensity work environment and an increasing figure and assortment of wellness workers with whom attention of patient was coordinated. The scenes of smiling and express joying Filipinos. vocalizing and dance ( and imbibing ) off can be delusory. Quite frequently. Filipinos particularly the immature 1s and the pupils deal with emphasis by seeking to be happy. I put that in quotation marks because the Filipino term is masaya. which is truly more of an externalized gaiety. Masaya is societal chumminess. it’s doing cheer and rather frequently we do it exactly because there have been unhappy events. nerve-racking events. The best illustration is that of a decease - our aftermaths are ill-famed for its merry-making. but that. exactly. is portion of our stress-coping mechanism. We have folk psychological science. possibly even folk psychopathology. at work here. Filipinos aware of how unsafe it is to let emphasis to devour us. We warn people approximately excesses as a cause of unwellness. and that includes the inordinate emotions generated by emphasis. But for all the talk about our communitarian orientation. of assisting friends to get the better of emphasis. societal force per unit areas in the Philippines can besides be counterproductive with the manner we sometimes force people to quash the emphasis. Enjoy! we urge them. non recognizing there are bounds to resilience. There are power dimensions to all this. such as those found in gender. Contrary to pigeonhole about adult females pupil being more expressive. Filipinas are really more prone to covering with nerve-racking state of affairss through tiis ( endurance ) and kimkim ( repression ) . Check out the local scenes of gaiety: it’s normally work forces pupils holding a good clip. conveying out the beer and crispening their jobs off. while their adult females look for ways to do ends meet. Men. pupils excessively. are expected to maintain their feelings in cheque. but more out of masculine values of strength and stolidity. Work force are by and large non allowed to shout. much less to travel into hysterics ; and this likely helps to explicate why more work forces suffer from cardiovascular disease. Harmonizing to Dr. Lourdes Ignacio many pupils will show their emphasis by kicking about repeating concerns. or abdominal strivings. accompanied by giddiness. sickness. weariness. Doctors used to disregard these as being all in the head. but it has become clear the physical hurting and hurt may be rather existent. that the repressed emphasis is expressed through the organic structure. The butch jussive moods around emphasis are necessarily tied to alcohol and drugs. Younger male Filipinos particularly nursing are peculiarly vulnerable. given their battles with individuality. maleness and self-pride. unable to show their defeats and bitterness. Drugs are one manner of covering with the emphasis. with all its attender jobs. It’s important though that the most abused drugs are metaphetamines. which are uppers or stimulations. Again. the Filipino response to emphasis is to look for more stimulation. The nervus cells fire off until. frayed and exhausted. the user develops paranoia ( borrowed into Filipino as praning ) and so psychosis. Ignacio said Filipinos have their ain natural get bying mechanism compared to other nationalities. She said Filipinos’ strong religion in God. sense of wit and concern for others. are among the mechanisms that help them get by with depression. We are really much crisis-oriented and we have natural ways of get bying with it. she said. Ignacio said they consider these as signifiers of get bying with mental upsets even without scientific footing. Reyes said some mental patients could work usually once more after being treated. Of class. for illustration. a bank director suffered from schizophrenic disorder. he or she can non travel back as a bank director. but as a clerk. There is some signifier of arrested development but in footings of symptoms. they are free from symptoms. but their operation has already regressed in some signifier. he said. On the other manus. Ignacio revealed that the Philippines are confronting an acute deficit of head-shrinkers due to the unabated migration of mental wellness physicians who seek greener grazing lands abroad.

Skills to Pay The Bills essays

Skills to Pay The Bills essays It has been 30 long years on the force and time has flown by. Who would have thought I had what it took to become Chief of police? I worked hard everyday and I loved every second of it. I have met so many people and seen so many faces. The best part of my job is I get to help people. There is nothing better than resolving conflict or bringing a hardened criminal to justice. I have done every job in law enforcement from street and traffic patrol to criminal investigations. Obviously, to be a good police officer one must be well rounded. I was not just a good law enforcement officer, I was the best. To be the best, an officer must be hardworking and determined. I was every bit of those words and I was successful. Unfortunately my time has come and gone. It is time for me to unlace my Hi-tek boots and trade them in for two first class tickets to the sunny skies of south Florida. I am retiring. As this story illustrates, to be successful in law enforcement, skills police o fficers must have are knowledge of the law, observation skills, and good decision making skills. One skill needed to be successful in law enforcement is knowledge of the law. A police officer that does not have common knowledge of the law should not have the shield. Every police officer takes an oath to the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics. According to Tom Barkers book, Police Ethics: Crisis in Law Enforcement, We will always depend on law enforcement officers who prescribe to the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics to respect the Constitutional rights of all men to liberty, equality, and justice (Barker 13). Police officers have to govern equally no matter what race, religion or creed. There is no room for prejudice in law enforcement. Barker goes on to state, The police in a free society, such as ours, have a hard task to perform. They must perform their duties and exercise their authority within the constraints of the law&quo...

Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style

Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style By Maeve Maddox Strunk and Whites The Elements of Style receives frequent mention in articles about writing. Originating as a classroom study aid prepared by Cornell English Professor William Strunk in 1918, this widely-used desk reference of English usage, form, and style continues to influence writers after a hundred years. After Strunk died in 1946, essayist E.B. White was asked to augment and edit the guide for a wider audience. When White died in 1985, Elements was in its Third Edition. The current Fourth Edition has been, according to Whites stepson Roger Angell, modestly updated to include references to word processors and to acknowledge feminist concerns about pronoun usage. Elements has grown from Strunks original 43 pages to 105, but is still a compact, no-frills handbook for the writer in a hurry for answers to common questions. The guide is arranged in five sections: I. Elementary Rules of Usage II. Elementary Principles of Composition III. A Few Matters of Form IV. Words and Expressions Commonly Misused V. An Approach to Style The first four sections are easily skimmed, and the index will lead you quickly to the point of grammar you want. A 60-word glossary defines such basic terms as gerund and linking verb. The fifth section, An Approach to Style, provides a useful reminder that there is more to producing distinctive prose than just getting the grammar right: There is no satisfactory explanation of style, no infallible guide to good writing, no assurance that a person who thinks clearly will be able to write clearly, no key that unlocks the door, no inflexible rule by which writers may shape their course, According to White, style is a mystery, an entity that arises from the sum of an individuals writing: Style is an increment in writing. When we speak of Fitzgeralds style, we dont mean his command of the relative pronoun, we mean the sound his words make on paper. The Elements of Style deserves its long popularity as a concise guide to correct usage. It can equip a writer with the elements, but style must arise from the personality and mental furnishings of the writer. A searchable version of Elements (Third Edition) can be found at Bartleby.com. You can also find the book on Amazon.com Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and NumeralsList of Greek Words in the English LanguageComma After Introductory Phrases

How was the ideology of the Progressive Era different from that of the Essay

How was the ideology of the Progressive Era different from that of the Gilded Age Compare the two, consider business regulation - Essay Example The American industrial revolution peaked during the Gilded Age as large labour pools were available. Miners, ranchers, farmers and African Americans moved to the cities and provided cheap and abundant labour. Innovators such as Bell and Edison saw rapid progress and innovation. This led to the formation of companies that could not be overseen directly by a business owner. The railroad industry’s expansion demanded that a formal, well regulated management system be put into place. New large corporations began to emerge. Banking and stock selling were utilised to generate the large revenues required to finance the new industrial mammoths. The railroad industry expanding into the West required $16,000 per mile of track. This level of financing could not be met with by one investor or a group of large investors. Finance was generated using new corporate structures. Corporate organisations such as â€Å"gentlemen’s agreements†, trusts and holding companies began to d ig deeper into the market for monopolistic control. Eventually the holding companies overran the trusts. A new class of robbers barons emerged who were robbing the common man but presented themselves as devout philanthropists. Industry slipped into the hands of the financing wizards. Finance gurus such as J. P. Morgan utilised oversold stock to reinvigorate businesses and Morgan eventually became â€Å"America’s greatest financier† representing his power of the field of finance. Monopolistic associations began to emerge such as Morgan, Schwab and Carnegie’s steel business, Rockefeller’s oil business and the American Tobacco Corporation. Wealth began to accumulate in the coffers of a select few. Labour was both abundant and cheap. Women and children were the least paid and overworked. While the average pay was just 400-500 USD but the minimum sustenance was 600 USD. Working conditions were unsafe, working hours long and job security absent. A wave of immig rants from Asia and China exacerbated matters. Trade unions could not be materialised because the diverse ethnicities found it hard to work together for their rights. Multiple small and ineffective labour unions emerged. Events such as small, sparse and uncoordinated protests were the only achievements of the early trade unions. On the other hand, the Progressive era was dominated by the wish and will to reform the corrupt and discriminatory system. The Progressive surge was led by the rising middle class. Professional development in specific fields in urban centres encouraged a class of organised and determined people to emerge. Professionals such as doctors, lawyers, professors, teachers and architects formed organisations to defend and project their interests. The enrolment in college went up by some 400% between 1870 and 1920. Similarly, the ranks of the professional class rose from 750k to some 5.6 million people. The emergence of a professional class with their own organisatio ns presented the emergence of new interest and pressure groups. However, these groups were actively lobbying for reform in the government and industry which they saw as corrupt and discriminatory. Most progressives were looking for ways to clamp down on â€Å"laissez faire† so that governmental control could be introduced. Large corporations were seen as an active threat. The hoarding of half of the nation’

Consumer behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer behavior - Research Paper Example The activities may include where and how people purchase commodities. The purchaser plays both the role of a user, financier and buyer of a product. This unit examines the comparison and distinction between consumer behavior models in Canada and Saudi Arabia and tries to answer if universal consumer behaviors are present in all cultures. Consumer behavior models are vastly used in the prediction of product advertisement by marketers in Saudi Arabia and Canada. Consumer behavior techniques help marketers in manipulating the attitudes of a consumer in purchasing a product in both countries. The objective for this paper is to analyze evaluate and contrast the consumer behavior and Canada. Cooperate credibility plays a crucial role in the influencing of consumer behavior models in Saudi Arabia. Secondly, Advertisement has a force in the consumer behavior models in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is recognized to be the chief advertising market in the Middle East, and this is exceedingly depicted in its consumer behavior. Lastly, Literature assessment also influences the consumer behavior in Saudi Arabia, since it influences how consumer behavior like attitude towards a product. Internet economy plays a crucial function in pressuring the consumer behavior models in Canada. The internet economy is responsible for the lag or de velopment in the consumer behavior models in the country like in the online retail transaction. The lag in Canada may be closed by a better internet economy like the Google, since Canadians will be able to market their products online. The negative slope noticed in the consumer behavior model, in Canada, may be as a result of the reluctant nature of the small and medium scale businesses. The consumer behavior model in Canada can be changed if their government creates incentives like the internet economy to impersonation. Saudi’s population is a highly sociable and interact able population. The majority of the

British Invasion and the Folk Revival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

British Invasion and the Folk Revival - Essay Example As it may be, the most significant reason of this onslaught proves to be the decline of the power of American music during the era of the 1960s. The American rock ‘n’ roll was already facing a steady downfall in caliber and quality since the major record companies, supported and abetted by few of the top outlets of the time disregarded the music type. Â  Major radio channels also betrayed it and considered releasing other products over it, which further deteriorated the condition of American rock ’n’ roll. The area of authority in pop music enjoyed by teen idols like Fabian and Frankie Avalon had directed numerous youth to commercial folk and jazz. While an ostensibly everlasting stream of modernity songs and dance crazes added up to be a failed attempt at developing a durable core following for rock ‘n’ roll. (Gillett 32) Â  The Beatles played an important and significant role in the American music history and it’s difficult to think of the British invasion taking place without them. An abundant number of bands sailed along to the top standards of American charts, did not prove to possess more talent than the uninspiring teen idols they had taken place of. However, the Beatles demonstrated to be an exceptional case. They were talented and were admired by the critics as well as the crowd. Beatles, after a short period of time producing American r & b-pop, and country music carried on to compose rock classics. Their new taste and production turned out to be extremely admirable, which was destined to be carried through many generations to come. Performing in small clubs in England and Germany trained all the Beatles band members to be excellent musicians. There artistic quality and equally convincing vocals helped them promote their talent and achieve success. Â  

Journal 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Journal 1 - Essay Example Ideally, some Americans like the American Indians dispute this idea by tracing their origin to America. However, William Least Heat-Moon justifies his idea by quoting historic facts that trace the origin of all Native American tribes (Heat-Moon 71-77). The idea that travelling might offer solutions to various problems is equally intriguing. It is amazing how travelling especially by road can help in solving psychological problems. The fact that we cannot know the exact point where we can find an answer to a specific problem, William Least Heat-Moon encourages us to keep travelling. In the essay, The Classic American Road Trip, William Least Heat-Moon proves how travelling is fascinating and refreshing to the human mind (Heat-Moon 365-371). It is amazing that he seeks to prove that travelling can justify the course of life by showing how a traveler explores landscapes and people’s lives (Heat-Moon 367-371). Moreover, the author presents the travel writing theory by showing comprehension of the intentions of travelling. Through travel writing, William Least Heat-Moon expresses his soul and experiences. Indeed, he is one of the popular travel writers in

Organize and discuss the elements and procedure for conducting a Essay

Organize and discuss the elements and procedure for conducting a research project - Essay Example From the conclusions, recommendations are made and a course of action is taken (Denscombe, 316). With matters dealing with criminal justice, the method is not much different. First, the issue has to be stated, then it is discussed, and conclusions are drawn. Where steps look like they may have been skipped, the research objectives are within the job description of solving crime, and methodology and data collection is done during the discussion of the issue if it has not been done already. The matter at hand for this discussion is that of charging children as adults for the crimes they commit. When children are charged as adults for crimes, it can leave a permanent mark on their record that they will never be able to outlive. It is believed by some that this method of criminal justice will serve as a warning to those who would otherwise do harm to others, saving untold numbers of people from harm and homicide. Others believe that the children who are sentenced to these kinds of charge s are from states of disenfranchisement, with matters only made worse by the fact that where they once did not believe they would overcome their situations, they are now supported in their own conclusions, guaranteeing them a life of less opportunity than those who may commit the same crimes, but do not suffer the same consequences as a result of the advocacy they receive from their community. In conducting researching for issues in the criminal justice system, the two most common methods are quantitative and qualitative (Maxfield; Babbie, 23). Quantitative analysis is that which deals with concrete facts, or quantities. The number of traffic citations a police officer gives would be quantitative as would his or her hours. Qualitative analysis is less concrete as it deals with areas that cannot be measured. Satisfaction from those who receive tickets with the demeanor of the ticketing officer would be qualitative. This, however, is not easy to determine as dissatisfied citizens are more likely to call in about an officer than those who had a pleasant experience. Countering this, though, is the common practice of placing cameras on vehicles, allowing supervisors to review their subordinates to ensure that proper procedure is followed. Another resource for qualitative analysis about an officer would be hours of community service, and recognition received as a result by way of certificates of appreciation or good press. When dealing with research of the topic at hand, quantitative analysis would pertain to the crime rate patterns of people within a certain age range. For instance, if gun crimes are on the rise for children ages 8-12 over the past five years in the state of Texas, then various courses of action will need to be considered after other quantitative research is conducted. For example, are the gun crimes related to gang violence? Are the children American citizens, or are they from South or Central America? If they are from Mexico, should they be prose cuted or deported? If they are deported, what is the likelihood of them returning and committing similar acts later? Qualitative research would look into other areas that include profiling to accompany the quantitative data that is gathered. Multi-cultural conflict models as well as psychological and personality studies may be formed in order to assist with the data collection (Pogrebin, 113). Quantitative resear

Management Accounting Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management Accounting Report - Essay Example Therefore, while running a business, the management has to focus both on overcoming the current economic hurdles as presented by the existing business environment, as well as focusing on how the anticipated future challenges can be overcome. One of the most vital tools for enhancing business survival in a challenging and competitive business environment is enhanced marketing/outreach efforts (Hoque, 2005 p472). This strategy ensures that a business keep reaching new customers and markets, while ensuring that it still keeps the current market base well informed on its product or service range. Promotion and advertising are strategies that helps a business to remain relevant and competitive, considering that the more the number of people who knows about the existence of the business and its products, the higher the chances of such a business getting more customers. Considering that enhanced marketing/outreach efforts covers both the existing and the prospective clients, a business that advertises and promotes its products is better placed to overcome competition, than a business that does not make any efforts to make more people know about its existence and its offerings (Cullen, et al., 2013, p12). Therefore, in order for organizations to increase both customer and organizational value, enhanced marketing/outreach efforts, aimed at both the current customer base and the potential customer zones, in essential. Knowing and focusing on business Niche Competition in the business environment serves to disorient many business organizations, leaving most of them unsettled on the products or services they would actually offer, or the main client base they are targeting to serve. This is because, the business try to evade the competition by shifting to a different market or product/service offering, where they feel that they may not be faced by stiff competition (Matt, Chenhall, & Euske, 2007 p17). However, considering that the business environment is very dynamic; they end up being faced by the same competitive challenges, thus disorienting the business even further. However, when a business focuses on knowing and serving its niche market, it will understand fully the needs of the customers, and thus tailor-make its products or services to match the specific needs of the niche market (Cullen, et al., 2013, p7). This way, the business is able to cultivate customer loyalty and goodwill, which in turn enhances the repeat purchase from the customers, and thus helps the business to overcome the forces of competition that could face the business (Kloot, 1997 p47). Development of supplier/vendor retention and recruitment programs While the customer is the most important focus for any business organization, the suppliers and the vendors play a very pivotal role in enhancing the success of a business (Matt, Chenhall, & Euske, 2007 p21). The competition in the modern world is not only for the markets and customers, it is also about the sources of cheap and efficient raw materials for a business, and also about a smooth channel of distribution, since all these aspects plays a vital role in enhancing the success of a business, while determining how effective such a business is in the market. Therefore, through

Organize and discuss the elements and procedure for conducting a Essay

Organize and discuss the elements and procedure for conducting a research project - Essay Example From the conclusions, recommendations are made and a course of action is taken (Denscombe, 316). With matters dealing with criminal justice, the method is not much different. First, the issue has to be stated, then it is discussed, and conclusions are drawn. Where steps look like they may have been skipped, the research objectives are within the job description of solving crime, and methodology and data collection is done during the discussion of the issue if it has not been done already. The matter at hand for this discussion is that of charging children as adults for the crimes they commit. When children are charged as adults for crimes, it can leave a permanent mark on their record that they will never be able to outlive. It is believed by some that this method of criminal justice will serve as a warning to those who would otherwise do harm to others, saving untold numbers of people from harm and homicide. Others believe that the children who are sentenced to these kinds of charge s are from states of disenfranchisement, with matters only made worse by the fact that where they once did not believe they would overcome their situations, they are now supported in their own conclusions, guaranteeing them a life of less opportunity than those who may commit the same crimes, but do not suffer the same consequences as a result of the advocacy they receive from their community. In conducting researching for issues in the criminal justice system, the two most common methods are quantitative and qualitative (Maxfield; Babbie, 23). Quantitative analysis is that which deals with concrete facts, or quantities. The number of traffic citations a police officer gives would be quantitative as would his or her hours. Qualitative analysis is less concrete as it deals with areas that cannot be measured. Satisfaction from those who receive tickets with the demeanor of the ticketing officer would be qualitative. This, however, is not easy to determine as dissatisfied citizens are more likely to call in about an officer than those who had a pleasant experience. Countering this, though, is the common practice of placing cameras on vehicles, allowing supervisors to review their subordinates to ensure that proper procedure is followed. Another resource for qualitative analysis about an officer would be hours of community service, and recognition received as a result by way of certificates of appreciation or good press. When dealing with research of the topic at hand, quantitative analysis would pertain to the crime rate patterns of people within a certain age range. For instance, if gun crimes are on the rise for children ages 8-12 over the past five years in the state of Texas, then various courses of action will need to be considered after other quantitative research is conducted. For example, are the gun crimes related to gang violence? Are the children American citizens, or are they from South or Central America? If they are from Mexico, should they be prose cuted or deported? If they are deported, what is the likelihood of them returning and committing similar acts later? Qualitative research would look into other areas that include profiling to accompany the quantitative data that is gathered. Multi-cultural conflict models as well as psychological and personality studies may be formed in order to assist with the data collection (Pogrebin, 113). Quantitative resear

Leadership Skills Personal Development Plan Essay

Leadership Skills Personal Development Plan - Essay Example a detailed analysis of my leadership style on the grounds of strength, weakness, opportunity, threats, along with discussion on improving them in order to be a more effective leader. I have also discussed the SMART(ER) goal setting technique to set the goals for my followers and for myself. All the discussions made in this study are backed up by relevant theories. According to my perception, the concept of leadership is based on the idea of how one individual can guide a group of people to follow his instruction so that they can be driven towards a common goal. At often times the term â€Å"leader† is used synonymous with the term â€Å"manager†. I think that a leader and a manager possess quite a different set of characters (Davis 8). A leader develops a new trend or a set of rules to follow, whereas a manager makes sure that the rules are properly being followed. Most importantly a manager controls his subordinates by relying on his power of authority, but a leader influences his followers by establishing a strong trust (The Wall Street Journal, â€Å"What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?†). This makes me believe that a leader is a person who takes the right decisions and sets goals for himself and for his followers as well. I have followed a leadership style which binds my team in with strict rules and regulation. I thought that setting up straight forward rules are necessary in order to make sure that there is deviation from the goal. I laid down a series of strict rules for my team and instructed them to follow those rules down to every word. In order to avoid confusion in decision making, I took the responsibility of making all the major decisions myself. I commanded my team to abide by my decisions at all times, so it can be ensured that the progress is directed in the desired way. This style of leadership can be termed as the Autocratic leadership style (Johnson, â€Å"5 Different Types of Leadership Styles†). Strength: The autocratic

Fossil Story Essay Example for Free

Fossil Story Essay Northeastern Illinois has a great deal of geological history hidden beneath the surface. If you just take a trip to the Larson Quarry or even Pit 11 you can find some interesting rock formations as well as fossils in them. But, if you cannot get to these areas, this paper can tell you what you can find in 5 different locations in Northeastern Illinois. We will be looking at Larson Quarry, Thornton Quarry, Mazon River, Pit 11, and the Glacial Drift which is at Palos Hills and throughout the surface of the Chicago area). The first stop is the Larson Quarry. This is located near DeKalb, Illinois. The specific coordinates are 42? N, 88? 35’ W at 920 feet. This site contains specimens from 450 million years ago which include trilobites like Flexicalymene, brachiopods like platystropia, rafnesquina, leptaena, the horn coral streptelasma, an unnamed bivalve, bryozoans, various crinoid stem parts, the cephalopod endoceras, and the gastropods cyclonema and malcurites. The rock types and formations that were found around these fossils were Cincinnatian Maquoketa Shale and Galena Dolomite. â€Å"The Maquoketa shale, which contains seams of argillaceous dolomite†¦and ranges from highly to slightly weathered, with the highly weathered portions having the consistency of a stiff clay and are extremely fissile† (Preber). These fossils were preserved by replacement as well as mold and cast. The Mazon River, which is near Morris, Illinois is located at 41? 20’N, 88? 30’W at 525 feet. This site had fossils from 290 million years ago and included seed ferns like alethopteris and neuropteris, true fern Pecopteris, horsetail rush parts calamites (trunk), and annularia (leaf whorl), lycopod tree (club moss) parts and bark lepidodendron, and leaf lepidophylites. The rock types were shale and sandstone as well as coal and the formation was Francis Creek. The Illinois State Museum writes in an article about how Francis Creek formation is formed: â€Å"Much of the area that we now call Illinois was a mixture of swampy lowlands and shallow marine bays. From the northeast flowed at least one major river system. The river(s) built large deltas through the low swamps and into the shallow bays. The mud that the river(s) carried was deposited in these deltas and bays. This mud turned into a rock called the Francis Creek Shale†. The preservation type was impressions in concretions. Next is Pit 11 which is the Mazonia/Briadwaood State Fish and Wildlife area at 41? 15’N, 88? 15’W at 590 feet. These specimens were found from 290 million years ago. The fossils include the same basic plants as the Mazon River. They also include jellyfish like the essexella, the shrimp belotelson, clams like edmontia and aviculopectin, an unnamed marine annelid worm, a possible fish fossil coprolite, the infamous Tully Monster: tullymonstrum, and the echinoderm sea cucumber holothurian. The rock types that held these fossils were shale and sandstone, as well as coal. These were in a Francis Creek formation. These fossils were preserved by impressions in concretions. It becomes quite apparent that there are certain biases in how and what fossils are preserved. Some species, notably Pecopteris unita, are found with fertile structures nearly half of the time while others like the more common true fern, Pecopteris acadica, are rarely seen with fertile structures being preserved at all† (Mazon Creek†¦). This tells us how these fossils were formed. Thornton Quarry, at coordinates 41? 35’ N, 87? 35’ W at 590 to 250 feet, is located on the south side of Chicago. This Quarry was formed 420 million years ago and includes fossils such as the trilobite calymene, brachiopod pentamerus, corals like favosite and halysites, an unnamed crinoid stem and the cephalopod moorecoceras. The rock types that were here were limestone-dolomite in Niagaran Racine Dolomite with fossils in mold and cast. â€Å"The most famous reef unearthed in the Chicago area is the coral reef†¦Debris from the growing reef began to be deposited and cemented. The reefs contained sea lilies, animals resembling horseshoe crabs, and ancient ancestors of squids and octopuses up to ten feet long. The ashy, gray-white limestone mined from the Thornton Reef contains the fossils of these animals† (Herweck). The reason that there are multiple types of coral is because this area was at the bottom of the Silurian Sea and molded well into the limestone. Lastly, we visit Palos Hills which includes the Glacial Drift. This area was from ~15,000 years ago and showed deposits of unconsolidated pebbles, sand, silt ad clay which contain mixed rocks of 400 million to 1 billion years old at 41? 41’N, 87? 50’ W at 772 feet. The fossils found here are mammoth or mastodon remains that are preserved as unaltered hard parts. There are also mixed marine fossils including crinoid stems, brachiopods, corals like hexagonaria (Petosky Stone) and trilobite parts, where were preserved as mold and cast r replacement. The glacial till include striated rocks composed of a mixture of many types including sedimentary (limestone/dolomite), igneous (granite, basalt) and metamorphic (gneiss). The formation was Valparaiso Moraine. â€Å"At this time, glacial ice covered the entire Chicago region†¦. the active ice sheet retreated into the Lake Michigan basin, although stagnant, melting ice remained behind. The ice then rapidly re-advanced to the†¦Valparaiso moraine in the western Chicago region† (Grimm). The glaciers that were in Chicago made a big impact on picking up rocks and sand and dirt from other regions and bringing it into the area, which is a reason why you may find interesting things in the area and that rocks age from 400 million to 1 billion years ago. The areas that we can find an assortment of fossils and rock formations are abundant in Illinois and have a wide variety of ages. From this summary, you can see what type of rock are around Northeastern Illinois and what type of animals, plants, and rocks were around from different periods and what type of environment they must have lived in.

A Study Of The National Politics Of Malaysia Politics Essay

A Study Of The National Politics Of Malaysia Politics Essay Since the formation of its constitution in 1956 Malaysia has been a federal parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. In theory this would mean Malaysia is indeed a democracy because the king largely only has symbolic functions. In reality the political process has been dominated by one party, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), thereby making Malaysia a semi-democracy [2]. In this chapter, a portrayal of the politics of Malaysia will be presented. This description will begin with an explanation of the distribution of power in the political system, followed by a short history of Malaysias nearly all-powerful political party, the UMNO, and the latest elections in which the UMNO was dealt a decisive blow. Finally, a sketch of Malaysias political freedom, civil liberties and corruption will be given Political system Malaysia is nominally headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, who is also called the king, and a bicameral parliament. The parliament consists of a Senate, the Dewan Negara and a House of Representatives, the Dewan Rakyat. The king elects 44 members of the Senate; the other 26 are elected by the assemblies of the thirteen states of Malaysia. Members of the Senate are chosen for three years and those three years are normally extended by another three years, making for a total of six years in-office. Each five years, the 222 members of the House of Representatives are chosen by national elections via a single-member-district system similar to the United States. Executive power is held by the cabinet, led by the prime minister. The cabinet is chosen from the parliament by the prime minister, with approval from the king. The prime minister himself is selected from the House of Representatives according to who commands the most support by the members from the House. On more local level, nine of the states are each headed by a sultan; four Melaka, Pulau Pinang (Penang), Sabah and Sarawak are each headed by a governor. While sultans are hereditary, governors are chosen by the state governments. All of the thirteen states have assemblies, and a government elected by the population of the state [3], [4]. The political system is visualised in Figure 1. Figure 1 Head of state For Malaysia is the king, or Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the official head of state. Aside from being a largely symbolic function, the king does have a few official powers. For instance he chooses 44 of the 70 members of the Senate, he gives approval to the appointment of the cabinet and he signs all laws. The king is also the nominal head of the armed forces and the leader of the Islamic faith in Malaysia. Each five years, the sultans choose the next king from among themselves, but in practice the post is rotated among the sultans. This system was made by the first Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman, in order to spread the power among all the sultans who had ruled over fiefdoms on the peninsula of Malaysia prior to its independence. The current king is Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin (Figure 2), who is the 13th king and was installed in December 2006. Being made king at an age of 44 makes the former ruler of the oil-rich Terengganu state one of the youngest heads of state yet [3], [5], [6]. Figure 2 Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin Prime minister The prime minister is selected from the House of Representatives according to who commands the most support by the members from the House. Because the UMNO has been the largest party since Malaysias independence, as an unofficial rule the UMNOs leader becomes prime minister. Figure 3 prime minister is Najib Abdul Razak The current prime minister is Najib Abdul Razak (Figure 3). He is the son of Abdul Razak, Malaysias second prime minister. Mr. Najib has an undergraduate degree in economics from the University of Nottingham and has worked for the national petroleum cooperation, Patronas. Upon the death of his father in 1979 he was elected to take the place of his father in parliament. As a member of parliament he has been a prominent member of the UMNO. Mr. Najib has served in several cabinets, among which as minister of finance and minister of defence. He was deputy prime minister since 2004 till he became prime minister in 2009. Najib Abdul Razak succeeds Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, who resigned in April 2009 after disastrous elections for the UMNO in March 2008. The current prime minister came to power promising radical reforms, a more transparent government and a fairer treatment of ethnic minorities. Besides this, one of the main problems Mr. Najib faces is the global economic crisis, which has had a dramatic impact on the countrys economy. Though he promised much improvement, Najib Abdul Razaks government has allegedly tried to stifle the opposition with a heavy hand [5], [7]. The United Malays National Organisation and the National Front The most powerful party of Malaysia, the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) has its roots in the independence of Malaysia. As Britain prepared Malaya for independence they decided to transform their earlier administrative system, which was riddled with inequality, into a more even arrangement. This took form in the Malayan Union, where the power of the sultans would be reduced and the disadvantaged Chinese community would be given equal rights. This did not go well with the Malay aristocracy and civil servants, fearing reduction of their power. The result was a series of meetings and mass rallies and led to the formation of the UMNO. The British, surprised by the social uprising, changed the Union to a federalist system where the power of the sultans and the Malays were improved. After that, the UMNO became a political party that exclusively drew support from the Malay population. As a result other political parties followed suit, creating a political system with mono-ethnic parties. The Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) are two main examples. Multi-ethnic parties gained little following and it would take about 50 years any serious multi-ethnic political party would appear. The UMNO and MCA would gain a large majority in the elections and would form a coalition with the MIC called the Alliance, which later became the National front (Barisan Nasional). The political power would mainly reside with the Malays, where the Chinese had the economic power. The tension between the ethnic groups of Malaysia was highlighted during the May 13 incident. The UMNO dominance would be challenged on May 13th 1969, when, after being abandoned by a significant number of Malay voters, the UMNO would be left clinging to power. The Chinese and Indian parties had taken to the opposition fearing being left out as a result of laws favouring Malays. This also deteriorated the UMNOs delicate position. The Chinese mounted victory processions, which inflamed the Malays. This resulted in huge riots in Kuala Lumpur, where Malays clashed with Chinese and Indians. Two years of emergency rule by the UMNO-led government followed. The UMNO responded by restricting Chinese business activities and improving Malay standing by far reaching redistribution of wealth and power, called the New Economic Policy (NEP), thereby hoping to win back the support of the Malay population. UMNO restored its political power by getting most of the ethnic parties from the opposition into the coalition, which had been renamed the National Front. The UMNO then subordinated its coalition partners, making its standing in the National Front absolute. The result was single-party dominance, limitations of civil liberties and a complete forest of bureaucratic instances and state businesses that would implement the redistributions. This resulted in a near fusion of the UMNO with the state apparatus, thereby further increasing its power [8], [9]. The 2008 elections While the National Front used to have a two-thirds majority, making it possible to make amendments to Malaysias constitution and making for an image of all-importance among the population. This all changed in the elections of March 2008, when the government was dealt a decisive blow. The National Front was nevertheless able to claim 63% of the seats in parliament as can be seen in Figure 4, Figure 5, and Figure 6 yet short of the magical two-thirds. This is actually far more than the actual number of votes: 52% of the votes went to the government. The reason for the relatively large share of seats in parliament is the voting system, which heavily favours the sitting administration. Figure 4 Results of the 2008 elections [11]. Mounting government corruption, arrogance, rising inflation and high crime rates, coupled with the normal discontent over unfair treatment was cause for a record number of non-Malay voters to switch their vote to opposition parties. The last time the National Front was dealt such a setback was in 1969 and its response was to absorb most of the opposition parties into the National Front, but this time the opposition was more confident and formed its own coalition: the Peoples Pact (Pakatan Rakyat). It even pondered to replace the NEP with a more equitable welfare system which was not based on ethnicity. The opposition is composed of the mainly ethnic Chinese Islamic Party Of Malaysia (PAS), the secular and reformist Democratic Action Party (DAP) and the multi-ethnic Peoples Justice Party (PKR), but which has a large Malay following. Part of the reason for the confidence of the opposition is that these parties were able to form governments in five states, including two of Malaysias richest [10]. Figure 5 Election results for the National Front [11]. Figure 6 Election results for the opposition [11]. Political freedom Political freedom in Malaysia is, as one can expect from earlier descriptions, not of the same sort as in western countries. Its democratic process has even been described by the government as being different to the western democracies, although they are adamant that Malaysia is democratic, albeit using a different definition of democracy. Malaysias form of democracy includes a large arrange of repressive measure. For instance, the government has legal powers to deregister organizations, ban publications and impose preventive detention. The opposition has been no exception to the application of these powers and these have even seen action in conflicts between different government factions. The federal government also has large control of mass media, including television and radio. For instance both the country itself and the National Front are owner of all television and radio, making sure the UMNO policies and leaders are viewed positively by the media. Furthermore, restrictions on party activities are more in favour of the UMNO, hindering the opposition more than the dominant party. The UMNO also promises development projects and material benefits to local communities in order to ensure loyalty to the government among population. Malaysias version of democracy also includes a version of ethnic and religious favouring of the Malay and Muslim majority of the country. The UMNO managed implement a biased electoral system that heavily reduced the impact of the votes cast by ethnic minorities, even though many of these minorities were represented in the National Front. The UMNO did this by gerrymandering, a way to change the electoral impact of certain districts in favour of a particular political party- in this case the UMNO, where the states with a large amount Malay voters were given more impact on the elections. The country also features a first-past-the-post voting system which strongly favours the largest party. The result of this is a two-thirds parliamentary majority of Malay votes compared to a close absolute majority of Malay voters. These measures described above have made sure the UMNO has stayed in power with a two-thirds majority until the elections of March 2008. We can conclude that Malaysia can at best be called semi-democratic by western standards, but seeing as the latest electoral has diminished the all-powerful UMNO there is perhaps a chance Malaysia may be on a path to more political freedom [2], [10], [12]. Civil Liberties Officially Malaysia grants its citizens the right to freedom of speech and expression, but as can be concluded from the above section, there is little freedom of the media in Malaysia. The reason for this is the possibility of exceptions to this right. For instance, the Printing Presses and Publications Act (PPPA) requires publishers to have an annual operations permit, which can be withdrawn by the prime minister without judicial control. Similarly, the Broadcasting Act gives the information minister the power to decide who can own a broadcast station. The Official Secrets Act (OSA), the Sedition act and defamation laws allow the government to impose restrictions on press and dissidents. Although there were hopes the elections of 2008 might change the media climate, it actually deteriorated as a result of crackdown instigated by the Prime Minister. Online media received many of the restriction and censorship that were already in place on traditional media like newspapers and television. The reason for this development was the role blogs and online news played in promoting the opposition and criticizing the government. The Official Secrets Act also curtails the publication of publication of politically sensitive information and reduces the freedom of information in Malaysia [12], [13]. Instigated as a measure to combat terrorism, the Internal Security Act has made it possible for the government to detain suspected terrorists or, more generally, people suspected of connections to terrorist groups. According to Human Right Watch and Amnesty International, these detainees are held for long times lacking a legal process and are grossly mistreated in prison [14], [15]. Malaysia also makes discrimination state policy with the NEP and government backed affirmative action policies, which called for far reaching redistribution of businesses, property and education to Malays [10],[15]. The country also has the death penalty and has voted against a moratorium of the UN against the death penalty [15]. Corruption Even though the prime minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi promised a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign in the 2007 elections, corruption actually increased for his coalition. Several cases of corruption at high levels of government occurred and the third-highest police official was arrested on the charge of concealing large sums of money. The police inspector general and the deputy minister for internal security also accused each other of corruption [12]. According to Transparency International a lot of corruption takes place on the negotiation of contracts, where bribes were paid to government officials to speed up trade licences (sic), for police protection and for loan transactions [16]. Further, the Corruption Perceptions Index 2009 of Transparency International rates Malaysia the 56th least corrupt country with Somalia the most corrupt country at rank 180 [17].

The Alaskan wilderness :: Environment, Fishing, Hunting

The Alaskan wilderness is one of the most controversial topics discussed in the United States today. There are many different opinions and regulations pertaining to certain topics affecting the natural landscape of Alaska. One such topic is hunting for brown bear. While these massive animals face no current danger of being wiped out as a result of hunting, it is still a controversial and constantly debated issue. Over ninety-five percent of the United States’ brown bear resides in Alaska. Brown bears are one of the more appealing attractions for visitors to Alaska. According to the Alaskan Outdoor Journal, there are places all throughout Alaska that are designated brown bear viewing areas (Alaska Outdoor Journal, 2010). However many who come to Alaska for the brown bear don’t simply come to observe. Instead, they come for the hunt. These animals are constantly hunted for sport, and since they reproduce at a very low rate, this has the potential to jeopardize the total p opulation of the brown bear. Overall, I believe that brown bear hunting should remain legal. According to the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, the brown bear is located all throughout Alaska, mostly in areas that allow them to seasonally hunt salmon (Alaska Fish & Game, 2010). This allows them to become larger and live in higher concentrations than the grizzly bear. The traditional brown bear and the grizzly bear are actually both classified as brown bears, despite having several differences in appearance. Brown bears are one of the most fascinating and powerful species in the Alaskan wilderness. Cubs are usually born during January or February, usually in groups of one to four (Alaska Fish & Game). A fully grown, male brown bear can weigh up for 1,500 pounds and be over 10 feet in stature (Alaska Fish & Game, 2010). Brown bears also have the ability to run at speeds up to 40 mph for short bursts of time (Alaska Fish & Game). All of these unique characteristics make many people upset that it is legal to hunt them. There are several groups that are working to conserve the brown bear population, particularly in Alaska, such as The Northern Forum’s Brown Bear Working Group (Fish & Wildlife Journal, 2010). The bear population in Alaska is thriving and is classified as a status of least concern, by the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2010). Overall, the brown bear population faces no danger whatsoever.

Covent Garden Essay

In this quadrangle the Abbey or Convent of St. Peter, Westminster, maintained a large kitchen garden throughout the Middle Ages to provide its daily food. Over the next three centuries, the monks’ old â€Å"convent garden† became a major source of fruit and vegetables in London and was managed by a succession of leaseholders by grant from the Abbot of Westminster. This type of lease eventually led to property disputes throughout the kingdom, which King Henry VIII solved in 1540 by the stroke of a pen when he dissolved the monasteries and appropriated their land. King Henry VIII granted part of the land to John Russell, Baron Russell, Lord High Admiral, and later Earl of Bedford. In fulfilment of his father’s dying wish, King Edward VI bestowed the remainder of the convent garden in 1547 to his maternal uncle, Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset who began building Somerset House on the south side of The Strand the next year. When Seymour was beheaded for treason in 1552, the land once again came into royal gift, and was awarded four months later to one of those who had contributed to Seymour’s downfall. Forty acres (160,000 m? ), known as â€Å"le Covent Garden† plus â€Å"the long acre†, were granted by royal patent in perpetuity to the Earl of Bedford. [edit] 1600s to 1800s The modern-day Covent Garden has its roots in the early seventeenth century when land (â€Å"the Convent’s Garden†) was redeveloped by Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford. The area was designed by Inigo Jones, the first and greatest of English Renaissance architects. He was inspired by late 15th Century and early 16th century planned market towns known as bastides (themselves modelled on Roman colonial towns by way of nearby monasteries, of which â€Å"Convent† Garden was one). The area rapidly became a base for market traders, and following the Great Fire of London of 1666 which destroyed ‘rival’ markets towards the east of the city, the market became the most important in the country. Exotic items from around the world were carried on boats up the River Thames and sold on from Covent Garden. The first mention of a Punch and Judy show in Britain was recorded by diarist Samuel Pepys, who saw such a show in the square in May 1662. Today Covent Garden is the only part of London licensed for street entertainment. In 1830 a grand building reminiscent of the Roman baths such as those found in Bath was built to provide a more permanent trading centre. [edit] Modern day period By the end of the 1960s, traffic congestion in the surrounding area had reached such a level that the use of the square as a market, which required increasingly large lorries for deliveries and distribution, was becoming unsustainable. The whole area was threatened with complete redevelopment. Following a public outcry, in 1973 the Home Secretary, Robert Carr, gave dozens of buildings around the square listed building status, preventing redevelopment. The following year the market finally moved to a new site (called the New Covent Garden Market) about three miles south-west at Nine Elms. The square languished until its central building re-opened as a shopping centre and tourist attraction in 1980. Today the shops largely sell novelty items. More serious shoppers gravitate to Long Acre, which has a range of clothes shops and boutiques, and Neal Street, noted for its large number of shoe shops. London’s Transport Museum and the rear entrance to the Royal Opera House are also located on the Piazza. The marketplace and Royal Opera House were memorably brought together in the opening of George Bernard Shaw’s play, Pygmalion, where Professor Higgins is waiting for a cab to take him home from the opera when he comes across Eliza Doolittle selling flowers in the market. In the mid 1950s, before he directed such films as If and O Lucky Man, Lindsay Anderson directed a short film about the daily activities of the Covent Garden market called Every Day Except Christmas. It shows 12 hours in the life of the market and market people, now long gone from the area, but it also reflects three centuries of tradition in the operation of the daily fruit and vegetable market. Alfred Hitchcock’s 1972 film, Frenzy, likewise takes place amongst the pubs and fruit markets of Covent Garden. The serial sex killer in Frenzy is a local fruit vendor, and the film features several blackly comic moments suggesting a metaphorical correlation between the consumption of food and the act of rape-murder. Hitchcock was the son of a Covent Garden merchant and grew up in the area; and so, the film was partly conceived (and marketed) as a semi-nostalgic return to the neighbourhood of the director’s childhood. Supermodel Naomi Campbell was also discovered by a model scout at the age of 15 whilst walking through the streets of Covent Garden.